Alexandru Rap: Publications

Fadnavis, S., Chavan, P., Joshi, A., Sonbawne, S. M., Acharya, A., Devara, P. C. S., Rap, A., Rap, A., Ploeger, F., Müller, R. (2022) Tropospheric warming over the northern Indian Ocean caused by South Asian anthropogenic aerosols: possible impact on the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, doi:10.5194/acp-22-7179-2022.

Lund M.T., Rap, A., Myhre, G., Haslerud, A.S., Samset, B.H. (2021) Land cover change in low-warming scenarios may enhance the climate role of secondary organic aerosols, Environmental Research Letters, 16, 10, 104031, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac269a.

Fadnavis, S., Sabin, T.P., Rap, A., Muller, R., Kubin, A., Heinold, B. (2021) The impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on the Indian summer monsoon, Environmental Research Letters, 16, 7, 074054, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac109c.

Fadnavis, S., Muller, R., Chakraborty, T., Sabin, T.P., Laakso, A., Rap, A., Griessbach, S., Vernier, J.P., Tilmes, S. (2021) The role of tropical volcanic eruptions in exacerbating Indian droughts, Scientific Reports, 11, 1, 2714, doi:10.1038/s41598-021-81566-0. (full-text access link).

Maycock, A.C., Smith, C.J., Rap, A., Rutherford, O. (2020) On the structure of instantaneous radiative forcing kernels for greenhouse gases, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-19-0267.1.

Rowlinson, M.J., Rap, A., Hamilton, D., Pope, R.J., Hantson, S., Arnold, S.R., Kaplan, K., Arneth, A., Chipperfield, M.P., Forster, P.M., Nieradzik, L. (2020) Tropospheric ozone radiative forcing uncertainty due to pre-industrial fire and biogenic emissions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., doi:10.5194/acp-20-10937-2020.

Rap, A., Scott, C.E., Reddington, C.L., Mercado, L., Ellis, Garraway, S., Evans, M.J., Beerling, D.J., MacKenzie, A.R., Hewitt, C.N., Spracklen, D.V. (2019) Reply to: Complexities between plants and the atmosphere, Nature Geoscience, 12, doi:10.1038/s41561-019-0437-0.

Fadnavis, S., Muller, R., Kalita, G., Rowlinson, M.J., Rap, A., Li, J.-L. F., Gasparini, B., Laakso, A. (2019) The impact of recent changes in Asian anthropogenic emissions of SO2 on sulfate loading in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere and the associated radiative changes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., doi:10.5194/acp-19-9989-2019.

Fadnavis, S., Sabin, T.P., Roy, C., Rowlinson, M.J., Rap, A., Vernier, J.P., Sioris, C.E. (2019) Elevated aerosol layer over South Asia worsens the Indian droughts, Scientific Reports, 9, 1, 10268, doi:10.1038/s41598-019-46704-9. (full-text access link).

Rowlinson, M.J., Rap, A., Arnold, S.R., Pope, R.J., Chipperfield, M.P., McNorton, J., Forster, P.M., Gordon, H., Pringle, K.J., Feng, W., Kerridge, B.J., Latter, B.L., Siddans, R. (2019) Impact of El Nino-Southern Oscillation on the interannual variability of methane and tropospheric ozone, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 8669-8686, doi:10.5194/acp-19-8669-2019.

Rap, A., Scott, C.E., Reddington, C.L., Mercado, L., Ellis, Garraway, S., Evans, M.J., Beerling, D.J., MacKenzie, A.R., Hewitt, C.N., Spracklen, D.V. (2018) Enhanced global primary production by biogenic aerosol via diffuse radiation fertilisation, Nature Geoscience, 11, doi:10.1038/s41561-018-0208-3. (full-text access link).

Hamilton, D.S., Hantson, S., Scott, C.E., Kaplan, J.O., Pringle, K.J., Nieradzik, L.P., Rap, A., Folberth, G., Spracklen, D.V., Carslaw, K.S. (2018) Reassessment of pre-industrial fire emissions strongly affects anthropogenic aerosol forcing, Nature Communications, 9, doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05592-9.

Scott, C.E., Monks, S.A., Spracklen, D.V., Arnold, S.R., Forster, P.M., Rap, A., Aijala, M., Artaxo, P., Carslaw, K.S., Chipperfield, M.P., Ehn, M., Gilardoni, S., Heikkinen, L., Kulmala, M., Petaja, T., Reddington, C.L.S., Rizzo, L.V., Swietlicki, E., Vignati, E., Wilson, C., (2018) Impact on short-lived climate forcers increases projected warming due to deforestation, Nature Communications, 9, doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02412-4.

Iglesias-Suarez, F., Kinnison, D. E., Rap, A., Maycock, A., Wild, O., Young, P. J. (2018) Key drivers of ozone change and its radiative forcing over the 21st century, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 6121-6139, doi:10.5194/acp-18-6121-2018.

Fadnavis, S., Roy, C., Chattopadhyay, R., Sioris, C.E., Rap, A., Mueller, R., Kumar, K.R., Krishnan, R. (2018) Transport of Asian trace gases via eddy shedding from the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone and associated impacts on ozone heating rates, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 11493-11506, doi:10.5194/acp-18-11493-2018.

Yan, H., Wang, S.Q., da Rocha, H., Rap, A., Bonal, D., Butt, N., Restrepo Coupe, N., Shugart, H.H. (2017) Simulation of the unexpected photosynthetic seasonality in Amazonian evergreen forests by using an improved diffuse fraction-based light use efficiency model, Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 122, doi:10.1002/2017JG004008.

Hollaway, M.J., Arnold, S.R., Collins, W.J., Folberth, G., Rap, A. (2017) Sensitivity of mid-19th century tropospheric ozone to atmospheric chemistry-vegetation interactions, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 122(4), doi:10.1002/2016JD025462.

Roy, C., Fadnavis, S., Mueller, R., Ayantika, D. C., Ploeger, F., Rap, A. (2017) Influence of enhanced Asian NOx emissions on ozone in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere in chemistry-climate model simulations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 1297-1311, doi:10.5194/acp-17-1297-2017.

Scott, C.E., Monks, S.A., Spracklen, D.V., Arnold, S.R., Forster, P.M., Rap, A., Carslaw, K.S., Chipperfield, M.P., Reddington, C.L.S., Wilson, C. (2017) Impact on short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs) from a realistic land-use change scenario via changes in biogenic emissions, Faraday Discussions, doi:10.1039/C7FD00028F.

Gordon, H., Sengupta, K., Rap, A., Duplissy, J., Frege, C., Williamson, C., Heinritzi, M., Simon, M., Yan, C., Almeida, J., Trostl, J., Nieminen, T., Ortega, I.K., Wagner, R., Dunne, E., Adamov, A., Amorim, A., Bernhammer, A.K., Bianchi, F., Breitenlechner, M., Brilke, S., Chen, X., Craven, J., Dias, A., Ehrhart, S., Fischer, L., Flagan, R.C.., Franchin, A., Fuchs, C., Guida, R., Hakala, J., Hoyle, C.R., Jokinen, T., Junninen, H., Kangasluoma, J., Kim, J., Kirkby, J., Krapf, M., Kurten, A., Laaksonen, A., Lehtipalo, K., Makhmutov, V., Mathot, S., Molteni, U., Monks, S., Onnela, A., Perakyla, O., Piel, F., Petaja, T., Praplan, A.P., Pringle, K., Richards, N.A.D., Rissanen, M.P., Rondo, L., Sarnela, N., Schobesberger, S., Scott, C.E., Seinfeld, J.H., Sharma, S., Sipila, M., Steiner, G., Stozhkov, Y., Stratmann, F., Tome, A., Virtanen, A., Vogel, A.L., Wagner, A.C., Wagner, P.E., Weingartner, E., Wimmer, D., Winkler, P.M., Ye, P., Zhang, X., Hansel, A., Dommen, J., Donahue, N.M., Worsnop, D.R., Baltensperger, U., Kulmala, M., Curtius, J., Carslaw, K.S. (2016) Reduced anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing caused by biogenic new particle formation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 113(43), 12053-12058, doi:10.1073/pnas.1602360113.

Dunne, E.M., Gordon, H., Kurten, A., Almeida, J., Duplissy, J., Williamson, C., Ortega, I.K., Pringle, K.J., Adamov, A., Baltensperger, U., Barmet, P., Benduhn, F., Bianchi, F., Breitenlechner, M., Clarke, A., Curtius, J., Dommen, J., Donahue, N.M., Ehrhart, S., Flagan, R.C., Franchin, A., Guida, R., Hakala, J., Hansel, A., Heinritzi, M., Jokinen, T., Kangasluoma, J., Kirkby, J., Kulmala, M., Kupc, A., Lawler, M.J., Lehtipalo, K., Makhmutov, V., Mann, G., Mathot, S., Merikanto, J., Miettinen, P., Nenes, A., Onnela, A., Rap, A., Reddington, C.L., Riccobono, F., Richards, N.A., Rissanen, M.P., Rondo, L., Sarnela, N., Schobesberger, S., Sengupta, K., Simon, M., Sipila, M., Smith, J.N., Stozkhov, Y., Tome, A., Troestl, J., Wagner, P.E., Wimmer, D., Winkler, P.M., Worsnop, D.R., Carslaw, K.S. (2016) Global atmospheric particle formation from CERN CLOUD measurements, Science, doi:10.1126/science.aaf2649.

Kirkby, J., Duplissy, J., Sengupta, K., Frege, C., Gordon, H., Williamson, C., Heinritzi, M., Simon, M., Yan, C., Almeida, J., Trostl, J., Nieminen, T., Ortega, I.K., Wagner, R., Adamov, A., Amorim, A., Bernhammer, A.K., Bianchi, F., Breitenlechner, M., Brilke, S., Chen, X., Craven, J., Dias, A., Ehrhart, S., Flagan, R.C., Franchin, A., Fuchs, C., Guida, R., Hakala, J., Hoyle, C.R., Jokinen, T., Junninen, H., Kangasluoma, J., Kim, J., Krapf, M., Kurten, A., Laaksonen, A., Lehtipalo, K., Makhmutov, V., Mathot, S., Molteni, U., Onnela, A., Perakyla, O., Piel, F., Petaja, T., Praplan, A.P., Pringle, K., Rap, A., Richards, N.A.D., Riipinen, I., Rissanen, M.P., Rondo, L., Sarnela, N., Schobesberger, S., Scott, C.E., Seinfeld, J.H., Sipila, M., Steiner, G., Stozhkov, Y., Stratmann, F., Tome, A., Virtanen, A., Vogel, A.L., Wagner, A.C., Wagner, P.E., Weingartner, E., Wimmer, D., Winkler, P.M., Ye, P., Zhang, X., Hansel, A., Dommen, J., Donahue, N.M., Worsnop, D.R., Baltensperger, U., Kulmala M (2016) Ion-induced nucleation of pure biogenic particles, Nature, 533, 521-526, doi:10.1038/nature17953.

O'Sullivan, M., Rap, A., Reddington, C.L., Spracklen, D.V., Gloor, E., Buermann, W. (2016) Small global effect on terrestrial net primary production due to increased fossil fuel aerosol emissions from Eastern Asia since the turn of the century, Geophysical Research Letters, 43(15), 8060-8067, doi:10.1002/2016GL068965.

Kapadia, Z.Z., Spracklen, D.V., Arnold, S.R., Borman, D.J., Mann, G.W., Pringle, K.J., Monks, S., Reddington, C.L., Benduhn, F., Rap, A., Scott, C.E., Butt, E.W., Yoshioka, M. (2016) Impacts of aviation fuel sulfur content on climate and human health, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10521-10541, doi:10.5194/acp-16-10521-2016.

Butt, E.W., Rap, A., Schmidt, A., Scott, C.E., Pringle, K.J., Reddington, C.L., Richards, N.A.D., Woodhouse, M.T., Ramirez-Villegas, J., Yang, H.., Vakkari, V., Stone, E.A., Rupakheti, M., Praveen, P.S., Beukes, P., Josipovic, M., Van Zyl, P., Mitchell, E.J.S., Sallu, S., Forster, P.M., Spracklen, D.V. (2016) The impact of residential combustion emissions on atmospheric aerosol, human health, and climate, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 873-905, doi:10.5194/acp-16-873-2016.

Schmidt, A., Skeffington, R.A., Thordarson, T., Self, S., Forster, P.M., Rap, A., Ridgwell, A., Fowler, D., Wilson, M., Mann, G.W., Wignall, P.B., Carslaw, K.S. (2016) Selective environmental stress from sulfur emitted by continental flood basalt eruptions, Nature Geoscience, 9, 77-82, doi:10.1038/ngeo2588.

Scott, C.E., Spracklen, D.V., Pierce, J.R., Riipinen, I., D'Andrea, S., Rap, A., Carslaw, K., Forster, P.M., Kulmala, M., Mann, G.W., Pringle, K.J. (2015) Impact of gas-to-particle partitioning approaches on the simulated radiative effects of biogenic secondary organic aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 12989-13001, doi:10.5194/acp-15-12989-2015.

Rap, A., Richards, N., Forster, P.M., Monks, S., Arnold, S.R., Chipperfield, M.P. (2015) Satellite constraint on the tropospheric ozone radiative effect, Geophysical Research Letters, 42(12), 5074-5081, doi:10.1002/2015GL064037.

Regayre, L.A., Pringle, K.J., Lee, L.A., Rap, A., Browse, J., Mann, G.W., Reddington, C.L., Carslaw, K.S. (2015) The climatic importance of uncertainties in regional aerosol-cloud radiative forcings over recent decades, Journal of Climate, 28(17), 6589-6607, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0127.1.

Rap, A., Spracklen, D.V., Mercado, L., Reddington, C.L., Haywood, J.M., Ellis, R.J., Phillips, O., Artaxo, P., Bonal, D., Restrepo Coupe, N., Butt, N. (2015) Fires increase Amazon forest productivity through increases in diffuse radiation, Geophysical Research Letters, 42(11), 4654-4662, doi:10.1002/2015GL063719.
Paper featured as a Research highlight in Nature Climate Change, 5, 718, 24 Jul 2015, doi:10.1038/nclimate2748: Firing photosynthesis.

Hossaini, R., Chipperfield, M.P., Montzka, S.A., Rap, A., Dhomse, S., Feng, W. (2015) Efficiency of short-lived halogens at influencing climate through depletion of stratospheric ozone, Nature Geoscience, doi:10.1038/ngeo2363.

D'Andrea, S.D., Acosta Navarro, J.C., Farina, S.C., Scott, Rap, A., Farmer, D.K., Spracklen, D.V., Riipinen, I., Pierce, J.R (2015) Aerosol size distribution and radiative forcing response to anthropogenically driven historical changes in biogenic secondary organic aerosol formation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 2247-2268, doi:10.5194/acp-15-2247-2015.

Regayre, L.A., Pringle, K.J., Booth, B.B.B., Lee, L.A., Mann, G.W., Browse, J., Woodhouse, M.T., Rap, A., Reddington, C.L., Carslaw, K.S. (2014) Uncertainty in the magnitude of aerosol-cloud radiative forcing over recent decades, Geophysical Research Letters, 41(24), 9040-9049, doi:10.1002/2014GL062029.

Scott, C.E., Rap, A., Spracklen, D.V., Forster, P.M., Carslaw, K., Mann, G.W., Pringle, K.J., Kivekäs, Kulmala, M., Lihavainen, H., and Tunved, P. (2014) The direct and indirect radiative effects of biogenic secondary organic aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 447-470, doi:10.5194/acp-14-447-2014.

Carslaw, K.S., Lee, L.A., Reddington, C.L., Pringle, K., Rap, A., Forster, P.M., Mann, G.W., Spracklen, D.V., Woodhouse, M.T., Regayre, L.A., Pierce, J.R. (2013) Large contribution of natural aerosols to uncertainty in indirect forcing, Nature, 503, 67-71, doi:10.1038/nature12674.

Spracklen, D.V. and Rap, A. (2013) Natural aerosol - climate feedbacks suppressed by anthropogenic aerosol, Geophysical Research Letters, 40, doi:10.1002/2013GL057966.
Paper featured as a Research highlight in Nature, 502, 413, 24 Oct 2013, doi:10.1038/502413e: Pollution alters cloud reflection.

Kunz, A., Mueller, R., Homonnai, V., Janosi, I.M., Hurst, D.F., Rap, A., Forster, P.M., Rohrer, F., Spelten, N., Riese, M. (2013) Extending water vapor trend observations over Boulder into the tropopause region: trend uncertainties and resulting radiative forcing, Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 118, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50831.

Monge-Sanz, B.M., Chipperfield, M.P., Untch, A., Morcrette, J.-J., Rap, A., Simmons, A.J. (2013) On the uses of a new linear scheme for stratospheric methane in global models: water source, transport tracer and radiative forcing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9641-9660, doi:10.5194/acp-13-9641-2013.

Rap, A., Scott, C.E., Spracklen, D.V., Bellouin, N., Forster, P.M., Carslaw, K.S., Schmidt, A., Mann, G.W. (2013) Natural aerosol direct and indirect radiative effects, Geophysical Research Letters, 40(12), 3297-3301, doi:10.1002/grl.50441.

Bekki, S., Rap, A., Poulain, V., Dhomse, S., Marchand, M., Forster, P.M., Szopa, S., Chipperfield, M.P. (2013) Climate impact of stratospheric ozone recovery, Geophysical Research Letters, 40(11), 2796-2800 , doi:10.1002/grl.50358.

Richards, N.A.D., Arnold, S.R., Chipperfield, M.P., Miles, G., Rap, A., Siddans, R., Monks, S.A., Hollaway M.J. (2013) The Mediterranean summertime ozone maximum: global emission sensitivities and radiative impacts, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 2331-2345, doi:10.5194/acp-13-2331-2013.

Jones, H.M., Haywood, J., Marenco, F., O'Sullivan, D., Meyer, J., Thorpe, R., Gallagher, M.W., Krämer, M., Bower, K.N., Rädel, G., Rap, A., Woolley, A., Forster, P.M., Coe, H. (2012) A methodology for in-situ and remote sensing of microphysical and radiative properties of contrails as they evolve into cirrus, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 8157-8175, doi:10.5194/acp-12-8157-2012.

Riese, M., Ploeger, F., Rap, A., Vogel, B., Konopka, P., Dameris, M., Forster, P.M. (2012) Impact of uncertainties in atmospheric mixing on simulated UTLS composition and related radiative effects, Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 117, D16305. doi:10.1029/2012JD017751.

Schmidt, A., Carslaw, Mann, G.W., Rap, A., Pringle, K.J., Spracklen, D.V., Wilson, M., Forster, P.M. (2012) Importance of tropospheric volcanic aerosol for indirect radiative forcing of climate, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 7321-7339, doi:10.5194/acp-12-7321-2012.

Spracklen, D.V., Jimenez, J.L., Carslaw, K., Worsnop, D.R., Evans, M.J., Mann, G.W., Zhang, Q., Canagaratna, M.R., Allan, J., Coe, H., McFiggans, G., Rap, A., Forster, P.M. (2011) Aerosol mass spectrometer constraint on the global secondary organic aerosol budget, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 12109-12136, doi:10.5194/acp-11-12109-2011.

Spracklen, D.V., Carslaw, K.S., Poschl, U., Rap, A., Forster, P.M. (2011) Global cloud condensation nuclei influenced by carbonaceous combustion aerosol. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 9067-9087, doi:10.5194/acp-11-9067-2011.

Kurten, T., Zhou, L., Makkonen, R., Merikanto, J., Raisanen, P., Boy, M., Richards, N., Rap, A., Smolander, S., Sogachev, A., Guenther, A., Mann, G.W., Carslaw, K., Kulmala, M. (2011) Large methane releases lead to strong aerosol forcing and reduced cloudiness. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 6961-6969, doi:10.5194/acp-11-6961-2011.

Rap, A., Forster, P.M, Haywood, J.M., Jones, A., Boucher O. (2010) Estimating the climate impact of linear contrails using the UK Met Office climate model, Geophysical Research Letters, 37(20), L20703, doi:10.1029/2010GL045161.

Rap, A., Forster, P.M, Jones, A., Boucher O., Haywood, J.M., Bellouin, N., De Leon, R.R. (2010) Parameterisation of contrails in the UK Met Office climate model, Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 115, D10205. doi:10.1029/2009JD012443.

Haywood, J.M., Allan, R.P., Bornemann, J., Forster, P.M, Francis, P.N., Milton, S., Rädel, G., Rap, A., Shine, K.P., Thorpe, R. (2009) A Case Study of the Radiative Forcing of Persistent Contrails Evolving into Contrail-Induced Cirrus, Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 114, D24201. doi:10.1029/2009JD012650

Myhre, G., Kvalevag, M., Radel, G., Cook, J., Shine, K.P., Clark, H., Karcher, F., Markowicz, K., Kardas, A., Wolkenberg, P., Balkanski, Y., Ponater, M., Forster, P.M., Rap, A., Rodriguez De Leon, R. (2009) Intercomparison of radiative forcing calculations of stratospheric water vapour and contrails, Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 18(6), pp.585-596. doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2009/0411

Rap, A., Ghosh, S., Smith, M.H. (2009) Shepard and Hardy multiquadric interpolation methods for multi-component aerosol-cloud parameterisation, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 66(1), pp.105-115. doi:10.1175/2008JAS2626.1

Ghosh, S., Smith, M.H., Rap, A. (2007) Integrating biomass, sulphate and sea-salt aerosol responses into a microphysical chemical parcel model: implications for climate studies, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 365, pp.2659-2674. doi:10.1098/rsta.2007.2082

Rap, A., Elliott, L., Ingham, D.B., Lesnic, D., Wen, X. (2007) The inverse source problem for the variable coefficients convection-diffusion equation, Inverse Problems in Science and Engineering, 15, pp.413-440. doi:10.1080/17415970600731274

Rap, A., Elliott, L., Ingham, D.B., Lesnic, D., Wen, X. (2006) An inverse source problem for the convection-diffusion equation, International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, 16(2), pp.125-150. doi:10.1108/09615530610644235

Rap, A., Elliott, L., Ingham, D.B., Lesnic, D., Wen, X. (2004) DRBEM for Cauchy convection-diffusion problems with variable coefficients, Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, 28(11), pp.1321-1333. doi:10.1016/j.enganabound.2004.06.003

Bowen, A., Forster, P.M., Gouldson, A., Hubacek, K., Martin, R., O'Neill, D.W., Rap, A., Rydge, J. (2009) The implications of the economic slowdown for greenhouse gas emissions and targets, ESRC Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy, Policy Paper October 2009.