Dr Sarah Norris
Dr Sarah Norris
Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science
School of Earth and Environment
University of Leeds
Leeds, LS2 9JT
UK
Phone: +44 113 343 36473
Email: s.j.norris@leeds.ac.uk
Home | Publications
| CLASP Projects I
have been involved in many research projects and field work trips, below
are a list of them starting with the most recent with links to the relevant
web pages. Our
Research Group field work blog, FrictionVelocity,
can be found here. ASCE
- July - October 2014 HiWinGs - October - November 2013 The High Wind Gas exchange Study (HiWinGS)
field program took place in the autumn of 2013 to the South-West of Greenland.
A team of US and UK scientists onboard the R/V Knorr directly measured
air-sea fluxes of aerosol, momentum, heat, moisture, CO2, DMS,
acetone, methanol and monoterpenes. The project
aims to investigate the influence of forcings
such as sea state on turbulent fluxes at high latitude and in high wind
speed conditions. Comprehensive sea state measurements were obtained using
a Waverider buoy, a laser wave profiler, whitecap
cameras and spar-buoys equipped with wave wires, bubble resonators and wave
cameras. Seawater concentration measurements enabled computation of
transfer velocities for several gases. Measurements were successfully
obtained under a wide variety of wind speeds and sea states and during the
passage of several storms. Average Hs during HiWinGS was 4.8 m and maximum 10-minute average U10
and Hs were 27.7 m s-1 and 11.4 m
respectively. Winds were consistently high, with U10
continuously sustained above 15 m s-1 for 34 hours (165 hours
total above 15 m s-1). WAGES
- summer 2009 to present - field work May 2010 - September 2013 WAGES : Waves Aerosol
and Gas Exchange Study. The Waves Aerosol and Gas Exchange Study (WAGES)
project aims to improve our understanding of the impact of waves on the
exchange of CO2 at the air-sea interface, and on the generation of
sea-spray aerosol. In order to do
this we installed a range of instrumentation on the British Antarctic
survey ship, the RRS James Clark Ross which operated continuously for over
3 years, from May 2010 to September 2013. The instrumentation included the
auto-flux kit mounted on the foremast to make direct measurements of
turbulent air-sea fluxes of CO2, sea-spray aerosol, sensible and latent
heat and momentum. These were coupled with measurements of the forcing
parameters including mean wind, wave state, and whitecap fraction. 6 manned
campaigns supplemented the continuous data set with in-situ measurements
from a spar buoy which made measurements of wave breaking and whitecaps
under a wide range of conditions (mean wind speeds up to 20 m/s and
significant wave heights of 8 m and water temperature 0 to 23 °C). There is a project diary here with
information about each manned cruise on the JCR and the work done on board
the JCR. ITOP
- ASIST
- July to October 2010 A follow on experiment building from what
we learnt in SO-SAFE. Again we are working with Will Drennan
and the University of Miami. 4 CLASP units have been deployed on 2 of
Miami’s EASI (Extreme Air-Sea Interaction buoy) which have been collocated
with 2 of their ASIS buoys off the coast of Taiwan in the Pacific Ocean. On
the 15th September 2010 the buoys experienced a direct hit with
a Typhoon Fanapi. More information about the
project and the set up cruise can be found here.
An article about the larger ITOP project can be found here.
ASCOS Arctic Summer Cloud-Ocean Study - July
to September 2008 The Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study is a
multinational scientific ice-breaker borne mission to the high Arctic
Ocean. The focus is on the physical processes leading to cloud formation,
and scientists ranging from chemists and biologists to oceanographers and
meteorologists will contribute. Balloon
validation of remotely sensed aerosol properties March/April
2008 Based at the Chilbolton
Observatory, this project aims to test new lidar
retrievals of aerosol properties. A field campaign led by Barbara Brooks at
Leeds made in-situ measurements of boundary layer structure and aerosol
spectra using instruments carried by a tethered balloon. It is a joint
project with Anthony Illingworth at Reading University and
Charles Wrench at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. SO- March
2008 A joint project with Will Drennan at the University of Miami - a CLASP
aerosol probe will be installed on Miami's Air-Sea Interaction Spar ( SEASAW - Field Observations of Sea Spray, Gas
Fluxes, and Whitecaps Nov/Dec 2006, March/April 2007 The project was
led by Dr Ian Brooks,
along with Prof. Michael Smith, and Dr Jim McQuaid at Leeds
University and in collaboration with Dr Margaret Yelland, Dr Ben Moat, and
Dr Meric Srokosz at the
National Oceanography Centre in Southamption, and Dr David Woolf, now at the University
of the Highland and Islands, Scotland. WASFAB
- Waves Air- Sea interactions, Fluxes, Aerosols and Bubbles Oct
2005 The
measurements were made in Duck, North Carolina at the FRF base. The data from this project
were the focus of my PhD project. The objective of the field campaign was
to constrain the sea salt source function including bubble-mediated and
spume aerosol particle production for a wide range of environmental
conditions. Specific objectives were to define the sea salt source function
by means of eddy-covariance techniques for a range of wind speeds and other
environmental conditions, to examine the production of aerosol particles
from individual wave-breaking events using particle sensors operated close
to the ocean surface and to study the deposition, and production of aerosol
particles using flux and gradient methods for off-shore wind directions. In association with Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of
Columbia University; UniSource - November 2004. Preliminary
experiment at Duck North Caroline in preparation for WASFAB the following
year.
Vamperia - March 2004. North Germany
Experiment on the Baltic sea. Studying
the propagation of radar over the ocean surface.
